MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Alpha-Lactose (MMDBc0000060)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-10-27 23:28:55 UTC

Update Date

2024-10-17 18:24:42 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000060

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Alpha-Lactose

Description

alpha-Lactose is the major sugar present in milk and the main source of energy supplied to the newborn mammalian in its mother's milk. Lactose is also an important osmotic regulator of lactation. It is digested by the intestinal lactase (EC 3.2.1.108), an enzyme expressed in newborns. Its activity declines following weaning. As a result, adult mammals are normally lactose-intolerant and more than 75% of the human adult population suffers from lactase deficiency. Lactase deficiency is present in up to 80 percent of blacks and Latinos, and up to 100 percent of American Indians and Asians. Persons with lactose intolerance are unable to digest significant amounts of lactose. Common symptoms include abdominal pain and bloating, excessive flatus, and watery stool following the ingestion of foods containing lactose. A sizable number of adults believe they are lactose intolerant but do not actually have impaired lactose digestion, and some persons with lactase deficiency can tolerate moderate amounts of ingested lactose. A diagnosis of lactose intolerance can usually be made with a careful history supported by dietary manipulation. If necessary, diagnosis can be confirmed by using a breath hydrogen or lactose tolerance test. These mostly uncomfortable symptoms of lactose maldigestion are blamed for a variably dairy consumption. There is, however, emerging evidence that certain lactic acid-producing bacteria, which selectively consume prebiotics, may be beneficial against some lower intestinal diseases. Lactose maldigestion and lactose should perhaps be re-evaluated as a potential provider of such a prebiotic. Treatment consists primarily of avoiding lactose-containing foods. Lactase enzyme supplements may be helpful. The degree of lactose malabsorption varies greatly among patients with lactose intolerance, but most of them can ingest up to 350 mL of milk daily without symptoms. Lactose-intolerant patients must ensure adequate calcium intake. (PMID: 13130292 , 12216958 , 12197838 , 12018807 ). Lactose in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of milk.

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

HMDB0000186
     RDKit          3D
Alpha-Lactose
 45 46  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    2.0237   -2.8281    0.2178 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.9726   -1.9056    0.6307 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2841   -0.6730    1.1893 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.2245    0.2558    1.6050 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.0423    0.7110    0.5900 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.7289    1.8252    1.0828 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.3248    1.0869   -0.6609 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7263    2.3226   -1.1775 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8497    1.2131   -0.3472 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1754    1.6098   -1.5010 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2912   -0.0890    0.2048 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1419    0.2273    0.8891 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0076   -0.3091    0.4124 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8408    0.7395   -0.0028 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.7105    0.2290   -0.9352 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5134    1.3981   -1.5164 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6984    2.3247   -2.1182 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.6100   -0.7685   -0.2942 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.9151   -0.2801   -0.3358 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.2831   -1.0479    1.1520 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.8732   -0.1121    2.0044 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7926   -1.1265    1.4003 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4143   -2.4602    1.2433 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1076   -3.0975   -0.7206 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7225   -1.6804   -0.1277 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.5092   -2.3729    1.4965 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7486   -1.0151    2.1004 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.8405   -0.0345    0.3229 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.7947    2.5507    0.4382 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4898    0.3506   -1.4963 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.6420    2.3565   -2.1709 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7593    2.0187    0.4193 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6710    1.2263   -2.2855 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1336   -0.7535   -0.6650 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8111   -0.9332   -0.4806 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0821   -0.2004   -1.7644 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0856    1.8183   -0.6416 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.2633    0.9652   -2.1940 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9529    3.2614   -1.9434 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5954   -1.7359   -0.8654 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.1185    0.3144    0.4138 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.7536   -2.0297    1.3976 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.3516    0.0216    2.8385 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6275   -0.7826    2.4476 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9038   -2.5909    0.4089 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  5  7  1  0
  7  8  1  0
  7  9  1  0
  9 10  1  0
  9 11  1  0
 11 12  1  0
 12 13  1  0
 13 14  1  0
 14 15  1  0
 15 16  1  0
 16 17  1  0
 15 18  1  0
 18 19  1  0
 18 20  1  0
 20 21  1  0
 20 22  1  0
 22 23  1  0
 11  3  1  0
 22 13  1  0
  1 24  1  0
  2 25  1  0
  2 26  1  0
  3 27  1  1
  5 28  1  6
  6 29  1  0
  7 30  1  6
  8 31  1  0
  9 32  1  1
 10 33  1  0
 11 34  1  6
 13 35  1  6
 15 36  1  6
 16 37  1  0
 16 38  1  0
 17 39  1  0
 18 40  1  6
 19 41  1  0
 20 42  1  1
 21 43  1  0
 22 44  1  1
 23 45  1  0
M  END


  Mrv1652305271900022D          

 23 24  0  0  1  0            999 V2000
   13.1648  -12.3665    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.7358  -12.3665    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.4502  -10.3040    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.5937  -11.5415    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.1648  -14.0165    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.7358  -14.8416    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.3068  -14.0165    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.5937   -9.8915    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.1648   -9.0664    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.0213  -11.1290    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.5923  -12.7790    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.1648  -11.5415    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.4502  -12.7790    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.8792  -11.1290    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.4502  -13.6040    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.4502  -11.1290    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.7358  -14.0165    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.0213  -13.6040    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.0213  -12.7790    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.8792  -10.3040    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.1648   -9.8915    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.7358  -11.5415    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.3068  -12.3665    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 12  1  1  6  0  0  0
 13  1  1  1  0  0  0
  2 13  1  0  0  0  0
  2 19  1  0  0  0  0
  3 16  1  0  0  0  0
  3 21  1  0  0  0  0
 14  4  1  1  0  0  0
 15  5  1  6  0  0  0
 17  6  1  1  0  0  0
 18  7  1  1  0  0  0
 20  8  1  6  0  0  0
 21  9  1  6  0  0  0
 10 22  1  0  0  0  0
 11 23  1  0  0  0  0
 12 14  1  0  0  0  0
 12 16  1  0  0  0  0
 13 15  1  0  0  0  0
 14 20  1  0  0  0  0
 15 17  1  0  0  0  0
 16 22  1  1  0  0  0
 17 18  1  0  0  0  0
 18 19  1  0  0  0  0
 19 23  1  1  0  0  0
 20 21  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
MMDBc0000060

> <DATABASE_NAME>
MIME

> <SMILES>
OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,10-,11+,12+/m1/s1

> <INCHI_KEY>
GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C12H22O11

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
342.2965

> <EXACT_MASS>
342.116211546

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
11

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
45

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
30.915828392466445

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
0

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
8

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-3.01

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-4.703374863666666

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
0.23

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
2

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA>
12.173689317234608

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
11.254374125721942

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-2.9810835652988272

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
189.52999999999997

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
68.3367

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
4

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
0

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
5.86e+02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
α-lactose

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$

HMDB0000186
     RDKit          3D
Alpha-Lactose
 45 46  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    2.0237   -2.8281    0.2178 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.9726   -1.9056    0.6307 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2841   -0.6730    1.1893 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.2245    0.2558    1.6050 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.0423    0.7110    0.5900 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.7289    1.8252    1.0828 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.3248    1.0869   -0.6609 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7263    2.3226   -1.1775 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8497    1.2131   -0.3472 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1754    1.6098   -1.5010 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2912   -0.0890    0.2048 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1419    0.2273    0.8891 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0076   -0.3091    0.4124 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8408    0.7395   -0.0028 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.7105    0.2290   -0.9352 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5134    1.3981   -1.5164 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6984    2.3247   -2.1182 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.6100   -0.7685   -0.2942 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.9151   -0.2801   -0.3358 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.2831   -1.0479    1.1520 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.8732   -0.1121    2.0044 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7926   -1.1265    1.4003 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4143   -2.4602    1.2433 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1076   -3.0975   -0.7206 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7225   -1.6804   -0.1277 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.5092   -2.3729    1.4965 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7486   -1.0151    2.1004 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.8405   -0.0345    0.3229 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.7947    2.5507    0.4382 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4898    0.3506   -1.4963 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.6420    2.3565   -2.1709 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7593    2.0187    0.4193 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6710    1.2263   -2.2855 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1336   -0.7535   -0.6650 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8111   -0.9332   -0.4806 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0821   -0.2004   -1.7644 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0856    1.8183   -0.6416 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.2633    0.9652   -2.1940 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9529    3.2614   -1.9434 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5954   -1.7359   -0.8654 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.1185    0.3144    0.4138 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.7536   -2.0297    1.3976 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.3516    0.0216    2.8385 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6275   -0.7826    2.4476 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9038   -2.5909    0.4089 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  5  7  1  0
  7  8  1  0
  7  9  1  0
  9 10  1  0
  9 11  1  0
 11 12  1  0
 12 13  1  0
 13 14  1  0
 14 15  1  0
 15 16  1  0
 16 17  1  0
 15 18  1  0
 18 19  1  0
 18 20  1  0
 20 21  1  0
 20 22  1  0
 22 23  1  0
 11  3  1  0
 22 13  1  0
  1 24  1  0
  2 25  1  0
  2 26  1  0
  3 27  1  1
  5 28  1  6
  6 29  1  0
  7 30  1  6
  8 31  1  0
  9 32  1  1
 10 33  1  0
 11 34  1  6
 13 35  1  6
 15 36  1  6
 16 37  1  0
 16 38  1  0
 17 39  1  0
 18 40  1  6
 19 41  1  0
 20 42  1  1
 21 43  1  0
 22 44  1  1
 23 45  1  0
M  END

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 27-MAY-19   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   27-MAY-19         0                                  
HETATM    1  O   UNK     0      24.574 -23.084   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    2  O   UNK     0      21.907 -23.084   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    3  O   UNK     0      23.240 -19.234   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    4  O   UNK     0      27.242 -21.544   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    5  O   UNK     0      24.574 -26.164   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    6  O   UNK     0      21.907 -27.704   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    7  O   UNK     0      19.239 -26.164   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0      27.242 -18.464   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    9  O   UNK     0      24.574 -16.924   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   10  O   UNK     0      20.573 -20.774   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   11  O   UNK     0      17.906 -23.854   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   12  C   UNK     0      24.574 -21.544   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   13  C   UNK     0      23.240 -23.854   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   14  C   UNK     0      25.908 -20.774   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   15  C   UNK     0      23.240 -25.394   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   16  C   UNK     0      23.240 -20.774   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   17  C   UNK     0      21.907 -26.164   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   18  C   UNK     0      20.573 -25.394   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   19  C   UNK     0      20.573 -23.854   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   20  C   UNK     0      25.908 -19.234   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   21  C   UNK     0      24.574 -18.464   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   22  C   UNK     0      21.907 -21.544   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   23  C   UNK     0      19.239 -23.084   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1   12   13                                                       
CONECT    2   13   19                                                       
CONECT    3   16   21                                                       
CONECT    4   14                                                            
CONECT    5   15                                                            
CONECT    6   17                                                            
CONECT    7   18                                                            
CONECT    8   20                                                            
CONECT    9   21                                                            
CONECT   10   22                                                            
CONECT   11   23                                                            
CONECT   12    1   14   16                                                  
CONECT   13    1    2   15                                                  
CONECT   14    4   12   20                                                  
CONECT   15    5   13   17                                                  
CONECT   16    3   12   22                                                  
CONECT   17    6   15   18                                                  
CONECT   18    7   17   19                                                  
CONECT   19    2   18   23                                                  
CONECT   20    8   14   21                                                  
CONECT   21    3    9   20                                                  
CONECT   22   10   16                                                       
CONECT   23   11   19                                                       
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   23    0   48    0
END

COMPND    HMDB0000186
HETATM    1  O1  UNL     1       2.024  -2.828   0.218  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    2  C1  UNL     1       2.973  -1.906   0.631  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C2  UNL     1       2.284  -0.673   1.189  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  O2  UNL     1       3.225   0.256   1.605  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    5  C3  UNL     1       4.042   0.711   0.590  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  O3  UNL     1       4.729   1.825   1.083  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    7  C4  UNL     1       3.325   1.087  -0.661  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    8  O4  UNL     1       3.726   2.323  -1.178  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    9  C5  UNL     1       1.850   1.213  -0.347  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   10  O5  UNL     1       1.175   1.610  -1.501  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   11  C6  UNL     1       1.291  -0.089   0.205  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   12  O6  UNL     1       0.142   0.227   0.889  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   13  C7  UNL     1      -1.008  -0.309   0.412  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   14  O7  UNL     1      -1.841   0.740  -0.003  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   15  C8  UNL     1      -2.710   0.229  -0.935  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   16  C9  UNL     1      -3.513   1.398  -1.516  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   17  O8  UNL     1      -2.698   2.325  -2.118  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   18  C10 UNL     1      -3.610  -0.769  -0.294  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   19  O9  UNL     1      -4.915  -0.280  -0.336  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   20  C11 UNL     1      -3.283  -1.048   1.152  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   21  O10 UNL     1      -3.873  -0.112   2.004  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   22  C12 UNL     1      -1.793  -1.126   1.400  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   23  O11 UNL     1      -1.414  -2.460   1.243  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   24  H1  UNL     1       2.108  -3.097  -0.721  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   25  H2  UNL     1       3.723  -1.680  -0.128  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   26  H3  UNL     1       3.509  -2.373   1.496  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   27  H4  UNL     1       1.749  -1.015   2.100  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   28  H5  UNL     1       4.840  -0.034   0.323  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   29  H6  UNL     1       4.795   2.551   0.438  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   30  H7  UNL     1       3.490   0.351  -1.496  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   31  H8  UNL     1       3.642   2.356  -2.171  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   32  H9  UNL     1       1.759   2.019   0.419  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   33  H10 UNL     1       1.671   1.226  -2.286  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   34  H11 UNL     1       1.134  -0.753  -0.665  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   35  H12 UNL     1      -0.811  -0.933  -0.481  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   36  H13 UNL     1      -2.082  -0.200  -1.764  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   37  H14 UNL     1      -4.086   1.818  -0.642  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   38  H15 UNL     1      -4.263   0.965  -2.194  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   39  H16 UNL     1      -2.953   3.261  -1.943  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   40  H17 UNL     1      -3.595  -1.736  -0.865  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   41  H18 UNL     1      -5.118   0.314   0.414  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   42  H19 UNL     1      -3.754  -2.030   1.398  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   43  H20 UNL     1      -3.352   0.022   2.839  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   44  H21 UNL     1      -1.628  -0.783   2.448  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   45  H22 UNL     1      -0.904  -2.591   0.409  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   24
CONECT    2    3   25   26
CONECT    3    4   11   27
CONECT    4    5
CONECT    5    6    7   28
CONECT    6   29
CONECT    7    8    9   30
CONECT    8   31
CONECT    9   10   11   32
CONECT   10   33
CONECT   11   12   34
CONECT   12   13
CONECT   13   14   22   35
CONECT   14   15
CONECT   15   16   18   36
CONECT   16   17   37   38
CONECT   17   39
CONECT   18   19   20   40
CONECT   19   41
CONECT   20   21   22   42
CONECT   21   43
CONECT   22   23   44
CONECT   23   45
END

HMDB0000186
     RDKit          3D
Alpha-Lactose
 45 46  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    2.0237   -2.8281    0.2178 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.9726   -1.9056    0.6307 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2841   -0.6730    1.1893 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.2245    0.2558    1.6050 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.0423    0.7110    0.5900 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.7289    1.8252    1.0828 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.3248    1.0869   -0.6609 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7263    2.3226   -1.1775 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8497    1.2131   -0.3472 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1754    1.6098   -1.5010 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2912   -0.0890    0.2048 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1419    0.2273    0.8891 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0076   -0.3091    0.4124 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8408    0.7395   -0.0028 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.7105    0.2290   -0.9352 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5134    1.3981   -1.5164 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6984    2.3247   -2.1182 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.6100   -0.7685   -0.2942 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.9151   -0.2801   -0.3358 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.2831   -1.0479    1.1520 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.8732   -0.1121    2.0044 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7926   -1.1265    1.4003 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4143   -2.4602    1.2433 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1076   -3.0975   -0.7206 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7225   -1.6804   -0.1277 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.5092   -2.3729    1.4965 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7486   -1.0151    2.1004 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.8405   -0.0345    0.3229 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.7947    2.5507    0.4382 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4898    0.3506   -1.4963 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.6420    2.3565   -2.1709 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7593    2.0187    0.4193 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6710    1.2263   -2.2855 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1336   -0.7535   -0.6650 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8111   -0.9332   -0.4806 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0821   -0.2004   -1.7644 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0856    1.8183   -0.6416 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.2633    0.9652   -2.1940 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9529    3.2614   -1.9434 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5954   -1.7359   -0.8654 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.1185    0.3144    0.4138 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.7536   -2.0297    1.3976 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.3516    0.0216    2.8385 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6275   -0.7826    2.4476 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9038   -2.5909    0.4089 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  5  7  1  0
  7  8  1  0
  7  9  1  0
  9 10  1  0
  9 11  1  0
 11 12  1  0
 12 13  1  0
 13 14  1  0
 14 15  1  0
 15 16  1  0
 16 17  1  0
 15 18  1  0
 18 19  1  0
 18 20  1  0
 20 21  1  0
 20 22  1  0
 22 23  1  0
 11  3  1  0
 22 13  1  0
  1 24  1  0
  2 25  1  0
  2 26  1  0
  3 27  1  1
  5 28  1  6
  6 29  1  0
  7 30  1  6
  8 31  1  0
  9 32  1  1
 10 33  1  0
 11 34  1  6
 13 35  1  6
 15 36  1  6
 16 37  1  0
 16 38  1  0
 17 39  1  0
 18 40  1  6
 19 41  1  0
 20 42  1  1
 21 43  1  0
 22 44  1  1
 23 45  1  0
M  END

Synonyms

Value	Source
1-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-4-alpha-D-glucopyranose	ChEBI
4-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranose	ChEBI
Anhydrous lactose	ChEBI
beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-alpha-D-GLCP	ChEBI
Lactose	ChEBI
Milk sugar	ChEBI
1-b-D-Galactopyranosyl-4-a-D-glucopyranose	Generator
1-Β-D-galactopyranosyl-4-α-D-glucopyranose	Generator
4-O-b-D-Galactopyranosyl-a-D-glucopyranose	Generator
4-O-Β-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranose	Generator
b-D-Galp-(1->4)-a-D-GLCP	Generator
Β-D-galp-(1->4)-α-D-GLCP	Generator
a-Lactose	Generator
Α-lactose	Generator
(+)-Lactose	HMDB
1-beta-delta-Galactopyranosyl-4-alpha-delta-glucopyranose	HMDB
4-O-Hexopyranosylhexose	HMDB
Aletobiose	HMDB
Dilactose	HMDB
Fast-flo lactose	HMDB
Flowlac 100	HMDB
Galactinum	HMDB
GLC-(4-1)Gal	HMDB
Granulac 140m	HMDB
Lactin	HMDB
Lactin (carbohydrate)	HMDB
Lactobiose	HMDB
Lactohale 300	HMDB
Lactose anhydride	HMDB
Lactose fast-flo	HMDB
Osmolactan	HMDB
Pharmatosa DCL 21	HMDB
Pharmatose 21	HMDB
Pharmatose 325m	HMDB
Pharmatose DCL 15	HMDB
Prismalac	HMDB
Respitose ML 003	HMDB
Respitose SV 003	HMDB
Saccharum lactin	HMDB
Sachelac	HMDB
Sorbalac 400	HMDB
Sorbolac 400	HMDB
Spherolac	HMDB
Super-tab	HMDB
Tablettose	HMDB
Tablettose 70	HMDB
Tablettose 80	HMDB
Zeparox ep	HMDB
Lactose, anhydrous	HMDB

Molecular Formula

C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

Average Mass

342.2965

Monoisotopic Mass

342.116211546

IUPAC Name

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol

Traditional Name

α-lactose

CAS Registry Number

63-42-3

SMILES

OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,10-,11+,12+/m1/s1

InChI Key

GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

O-glycosyl compounds

Alternative Parents

Substituents

O-glycosyl compound
Disaccharide
Oxane
Secondary alcohol
Hemiacetal
Oxacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Polyol
Acetal
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Alcohol
Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

lactose (CHEBI:36219 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	586 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-3	ALOGPS
logP	-4.7	ChemAxon
logS	0.23	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	11.25	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	11	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	8	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	189.53 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	4	ChemAxon
Refractivity	68.34 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	30.92 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	2	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	No	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	No	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Not Available

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome

Biospecimen Locations

Bladder
Blood
Breast Milk
Epidermis
Feces
Intestine
Platelet
Skeletal Muscle
Spleen
Urine

Tissue Locations

Bladder
Epidermis
Intestine
Platelet
Skeletal Muscle
Spleen

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0192033	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Enzyme	P09848	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192038	Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 2	Unknown	O60909	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192039	Alpha-lactalbumin	Enzyme	P00709	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192044	Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1	Unknown	P15291	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192463	Beta-galactosidase	Enzyme	P16278	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196566	Glycolipid transfer protein	Unknown	Q9NZD2	Homo sapiens

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0018325	Alpha-Lactose	D-Glucose	Beta-galactosidase	Hydrolysis	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0020678	Alpha-Lactose	Allolactose	Beta-galactosidase	Hydrolysis	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0025057	Alpha-Lactose	L-Histidine	PTS system lactose-specific EIICB component	Phosphorylation	RHEA	34755880

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
Lactose intolerance		Association	Human Urine	HMDB	7416780
Eosinophilic esophagitis		Association	Human Urine	HMDB	Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Firmicutes	636	Human ; Human mucosa; Human feces; Human vaginal fluid; Human supragingival plaque; Human stool; Human urine; Human saliva; Human dental plaque; Human subgingival plaque; Human sputum; Human pleural fluid plaque; Pig ; Cattle ; Human unknown	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Bacteroidetes	234	Human saliva; Human ; Human stool; Human feces; Human urine; Human gastric fluid; Human subgingival plaque; Human appendix biopsy; Human supragingival plaque; Human vaginal fluid; Human mucosa; Human sputum	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Spirochaetes	4	Human feces	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Eukaryota/Fungi	Ascomycota	1	Human feces; Human saliva; Human supragingival plaque	Microbial culture
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Proteobacteria	120	Human ; Human feces; Pig ; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human nasal swab; Human stool; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Human supragingival plaque; Human sputum; Human subgingival plaque	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Deinococcus-thermus	3		Microbial culture
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Actinobacteria	175	Human feces; Human stool; Human ; Human saliva; Human mucosa; Human supragingival plaque; Human sputum; Human bronchial brush; Human nasopharyngeal swab; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human subgingival plaque	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Fusobacteria	9	Human ; Human supragingival plaque; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva; Human feces	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Thermodesulfobacteria	1		Microbial culture
Bacteria	Actinobacteria	12	Human feces; Human stool; Human ; Human saliva; Human mucosa; Human supragingival plaque; Human sputum; Human bronchial brush; Human nasopharyngeal swab; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human subgingival plaque	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria/Eubacteria	Verrucomicrobia	1	Human ; Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	9	Human ; Human feces; Pig ; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human nasal swab; Human stool; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Human supragingival plaque; Human sputum; Human subgingival plaque	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Firmicutes	28	Human ; Human mucosa; Human feces; Human vaginal fluid; Human supragingival plaque; Human stool; Human urine; Human saliva; Human dental plaque; Human subgingival plaque; Human sputum; Human pleural fluid plaque; Pig ; Cattle ; Human unknown	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Crenarchaeota	3	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction

Exposure Sources

Food Exposures

Other Exposures

Source Type	Data Source	Reference
Cosmetics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Domestics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Domestics	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified									HMDB
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	585				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Lactose Intolerance	HMDB	7416780
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	11.8		1.0	24.2	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Breast milk	Detected and Quantified	170000	7300			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	24027187
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	36.31	6.60			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	2288995
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.08	6.07			umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2026685
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	66.02	6.60			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	2288995
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	676.75	85.83			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	2288995
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	51.475	126.985			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	19.378	10.997			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.45		0.63	3.45	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			13.600	48.467	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	30.0		13.0	49.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Bladder	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Epidermis	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Intestine	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Platelet	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Skeletal muscle	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Spleen	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22411374
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified									HMDB

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0000186

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Wikipedia Link

Not Available

METLIN ID

267

PubChem Compound

84571

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

36219

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General References

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Oozeer R, Furet JP, Goupil-Feuillerat N, Anba J, Mengaud J, Corthier G: Differential activities of four Lactobacillus casei promoters during bacterial transit through the gastrointestinal tracts of human-microbiota-associated mice. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Mar;71(3):1356-63. doi: 10.1128/AEM.71.3.1356-1363.2005. [PubMed:15746338 ]
Dimopoulos MA, Anagnostopoulos A: Thalidomide in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: pivotal trials conducted outside the United States. Semin Hematol. 2003 Oct;40(4 Suppl 4):8-16. doi: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2003.09.008. [PubMed:15015891 ]
Muthusamy A, Erickson DR, Sheykhnazari M, Bhavanandan VP: Enhanced binding of modified pentosan polysulfate and heparin to bladder--a strategy for improved treatment of interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2006 Jan;67(1):209-13. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.07.048. [PubMed:16413377 ]
Johnson JD, Simoons FJ, Hurwitz R, Grange A, Mitchell CH, Sinatra FR, Sunshine P, Robertson WV, Bennett PH, Kretchmer N: Lactose malabsorption among the Pima indians of Arizona. Gastroenterology. 1977 Dec;73(6):1299-304. [PubMed:578795 ]
Lustenberger RW: [A 23-year old patient with chronic diarrhea. Celiac disease and lactose intolerance]. Praxis (Bern 1994). 2005 Feb 2;94(5):163-4. doi: 10.1024/0369-8394.94.5.163. [PubMed:15745382 ]
Sharma A, DiCioccio RA, Allen HJ: Identification and synthesis of a novel 15 kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin in human leukocytes. Glycobiology. 1992 Aug;2(4):285-92. doi: 10.1093/glycob/2.4.285. [PubMed:1421750 ]
Rana SV, Bhasin DK, Vinayak VK: Lactose hydrogen breath test in Giardia lamblia-positive patients. Dig Dis Sci. 2005 Feb;50(2):259-61. doi: 10.1007/s10620-005-1592-2. [PubMed:15745082 ]
Mitchell JD, Brand J, Halbisch J: Weight-gain inhibition by lactose in Australian Aboriginal children. A controlled trial of normal and lactose hydrolysed milk. Lancet. 1977 Mar 5;1(8010):500-2. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(77)91368-x. [PubMed:65606 ]
Soupene E, van Heeswijk WC, Plumbridge J, Stewart V, Bertenthal D, Lee H, Prasad G, Paliy O, Charernnoppakul P, Kustu S: Physiological studies of Escherichia coli strain MG1655: growth defects and apparent cross-regulation of gene expression. J Bacteriol. 2003 Sep;185(18):5611-26. doi: 10.1128/JB.185.18.5611-5626.2003. [PubMed:12949114 ]
Yeoh E, Horowitz M, Russo A, Muecke T, Robb T, Chatterton B: The effects of abdominal irradiation for seminoma of the testis on gastrointestinal function. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1995 Mar-Apr;10(2):125-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01065.x. [PubMed:7787155 ]
Bondesson E, Bengtsson T, Borgstrom L, Nilsson LE, Norrgren K, Olsson B, Svensson M, Wollmer P: Dose delivery late in the breath can increase dry powder aerosol penetration into the lungs. J Aerosol Med. 2005 Spring;18(1):23-33. doi: 10.1089/jam.2005.18.23. [PubMed:15741771 ]
Roberson CM: Lactose intolerance. Ala Nurse. 2004 Dec-2005 Feb;31(4):23-4; quiz 24. [PubMed:15662762 ]
Kim KI, Lee WS, Benevenga NJ: Feeding diets containing high levels of milk products or cellulose decrease urease activity and ammonia production in rat intestine. J Nutr. 1998 Jul;128(7):1186-91. doi: 10.1093/jn/128.7.1186. [PubMed:9649604 ]
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Delaveau P: [Milk lactose. Hypothesis on its biological importance]. Ann Pharm Fr. 2003;61(5):340-2. [PubMed:13130292 ]
Vilotte JL: Lowering the milk lactose content in vivo: potential interests, strategies and physiological consequences. Reprod Nutr Dev. 2002 Mar-Apr;42(2):127-32. doi: 10.1051/rnd:2002012. [PubMed:12216958 ]
Szilagyi A: Review article: lactose--a potential prebiotic. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Sep;16(9):1591-602. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01321.x. [PubMed:12197838 ]
Swagerty DL Jr, Walling AD, Klein RM: Lactose intolerance. Am Fam Physician. 2002 May 1;65(9):1845-50. [PubMed:12018807 ]

Showing metabocard for Alpha-Lactose (MMDBc0000060)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f92395f57a8>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f92395f57a8>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f92395f57a8>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f92395f57a8>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f92395f57a8>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f92395f57a8>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007f92395f57a8>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007f92395f57a8>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f92395f57a8>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f92395f57a8>