| Description | Campylobacter upsaliensis is a gram-negative, curved rod-shaped bacterium that thrives at temperatures between 25-40°C, falling within the category of psychrotolerant microorganisms. As a chemoheterotroph, it derives its energy from the breakdown of organic compounds, specifically from complex macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. This microbe produces energy through the process of fermentation, utilizing the byproducts of glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation. C. upsaliensis can be found in the mucous membranes of various body sites, including the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and genitourinary tract, of humans and animals. It is a highly adaptable microbe, capable of inhabiting a wide range of environments, from the human gut to freshwater and soil. As an obligate aerobic microbe, C. upsaliensis requires the presence of oxygen to grow and metabolize. It is sensitive to anaerobic conditions and will not thrive in environments devoid of oxygen. This preference for oxygen is reflected in its ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a byproduct of its metabolism. One of the key features of C. upsaliensis is its ability to survive and grow on a variety of surfaces, including stainless steel and plastic. This makes it a significant concern in food processing and handling facilities, where it can contaminate food products and spread disease. Campylobacter upsaliensis is also known for its ability to evade the human immune system, utilizing a variety of mechanisms to avoid detection and clearance. This includes producing proteins that inhibit the host's immune response and secreting lipopolysaccharides that mask its presence to the immune system. As a result, infections caused by C. upsaliensis can be difficult to diagnose and treat, often requiring antimicrobial therapy and supportive care. Overall, C. upsaliensis is a highly versatile and resilient microbe that poses significant threats to human health and well-being. |
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